It is not unlikely that over the next couple of months when feature writers in local and national media have run out of original ideas for their next piece some will turn to the "latest crime figures" to offer their own slant on what the numbers mean. The horses mouth aka The Ministry of Justice has recently published its "Provisional Quarterly Criminal Justice System Information - March 2010
Ministry of Justice Statistics bulletin"

For anyone interested.....enjoy!

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As part of the fall out resulting from the proposed cash squeeze being imposed by the Coalition, the Ministry of Justice and the Home Office are deserving of the opprobrium being heaped upon them both from those controlled within their addresses at SW1 and those without. In the former category it seems that police and magistrates are falling apart at the seams in efforts to put the divergent viewpoints of both organisations.

Police chief has followed police chief in announcing impending Armageddon in our towns and cities. Using florid descriptions of what reductions in police officers would mean on the mean streets of Britain we should be prepared to lock up not just our daughters but everything moveable. If ever there were a case of trying to frighten the populace this is it. Forget the almost weekly reports that somewhere a police officer has been suspended or is being investigated for theft, assault, fraud, dangerous driving, rape, excessive overtime or whathaveyou the fact that they might have to increase their efficiency with fewer personnel is going to be ruinous for public safety. That is police chiefs with the exception so far of Tom Wood, ex police chief and former deputy chief constable of the Lothian and Borders force.

In the Sunday Scotsman Sep 5th he argues that

"Inconvenient though it may be to the police federation argument, there is good evidence to suggest that crime rates rise and fall due to a number of socio-economic factors, with police numbers and efficiency having only a marginal effect."

Whether serving senior officers would speak as freely as Mr Wood is doubtful. The pattern is to keep one`s mouth tightly shut until the first pension payment hits the bank account. But nevertheless I commend Mr Wood for his outspokenness.

Outspokenness is not a description deserving of praise that I would apply to the elected officers of the Magistrates Association. Both the Chairman and a Deputy have been justly criticised by many of their colleagues for their apparent approval of Courts in derelict shop premises in shopping centres from London to Manchester. They have tried vainly to backtrack. In addition it appears that another Deputy Chairman, one John Fassenfelt, has used an interview in the Kent News to propagate what appear to be his personal opinions on ASBOs when discussing government proposals to close magistrates' courts in Ashford and Swale. He is certainly competent to discuss the Association`s policy on the proposals but his apparently personal opinions on the law published as they have been are given additional and undeserved weight by his office. In addition it appears that he is in direct contradiction of advice set out for Magistrates by the office of the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales under the title "Useful Information for Magistrates". I quote an apposite couple of paragraphs below:-

What should I do if I don't agree with a law that has been passed?

All magistrates are required to obey the law and to enforce any law that is enacted. If you were to break any relevant law enacted by Parliament, or to refuse to enforce it, this would be likely to constitute conduct incompatible with the requirements of your office. If you believe you cannot enforce any relevant law, then you must immediately inform your Justices' Clerk.
It is also important that magistrates maintain the dignity, standing and good reputation of the magistracy at all times. Those found to have brought the magistracy into disrepute are liable to disciplinary action. Before deciding to express in public your personal views on any sensitive or controversial issue, you must consider carefully how your position might be perceived by those who come before you in court, and the implications it might have for wider public confidence in the administration of justice.

It is a pound to a penny that unlike some of his fellow J.P.s Mr Deputy Chairman Fassenfelt will not be disciplined more`s the pity. The rules do not exempt officers of the Magistrates` Association when they comment in an undisguised personal capacity. He should learn when to hold his tongue.

Since these proposals on court closures have seen the light of day J.P. upon J.P. has been quoted in local press about the iniquity of his/her local court being closed with local M.P.s jumping on the bandwagon. I have opined that J.P.s should shut up and allow nationally elected officers to put forward realistic counter proposals. For M.P.s it`s a win win situation for even the most reticent of our representatives to ally themselves with anti closure big mouths. As I blogged August 25th even Maria Eagle M.P. a former Justice Minister has misrepresented the facts to gain a few political brownie points.

I can comment on police matters as an interested outsider. I comment on matters concerning the Magistracy as an insider. And as an insider I despair of the organisation which purports to serve my interests.

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Magistrates know all about exceptional hardship as it applies to driving disqualification..........or at least they should know and if they are deficient in that department their legal advisers ought to know. However the Sunday Times in its article on this subject yesterday threw some doubt on those assumptions. As that newspaper is now behind a paywall no link can be given but I can list below the two salient facts the newspaper quotes.

I devoted my blog of May 15th to this topic. What follows is a more detailed analysis.

Legislation regarding disqualification for totters allows magistrates not to disqualify or to reduce that period only if they are satisfied having regard to all the circumstances that there are grounds for mitigating the normal consequences of the conviction the most common of which put forward is the potential effect of the disqualification on the offender namely that hardship would result. Section 35{4}(b) of the RTOA 1988 precludes the court from taking into account "hardship, other than exceptional hardship". There is no strict definition of this term.

The Sunday Times amongst other things quoted the following facts:-

31,110 drivers disqualified for reaching 12 points in 2009
11,228 is the number of drivers reaching 12 points not disqualified in 2009

Practice suggests that the loss of employment by itself is unlikely to satisfy the "exceptional" test. Some judicial guidance can be found in the Scottish case of Brennan-v-McKay (1996) 1997 S.L.T. 603. A taxi driver reached 12 penalty points on being convicted of speeding. He claimed that he would be likely to lose his job and be unable to obtain other work and this would have a substantial effect on his family. The High Court of Judiciary held that the justices were entitled to conclude that exceptional hardship had not been demonstrated. Whilst it was not an invariable rule that exceptional hardship would only be established where persons other than the accused and his immediate family would suffer it was ruled that it was necessary to demonstrate that there were other circumstances associated with loss of employment which might involve reflected hardship of a serious kind on the accused`s business, his family or his long term prospects [per Lord Hope in Brennan-v-McKay].

It is important to note that offenders may not put forward the same circumstances which have been used either for not disqualifying or for reducing the length of the totting up disqualification within three years of conviction {sec. 35(4)(c) RTOA 1988} It follows that detailed court records must be made of the exact circumstances which justified any finding of exceptional hardship.

From the above figures more than 26% of drivers accumulating 12 points were allowed to continue driving under the exceptional hardship guidance. From my own experience I find that ratio astonishing. The conclusion on the surface appears to be that misplaced application of the guidance is possibly being applied. Perhaps more formal guidance is required from our lords and masters.

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It seems the management of Strathclyde Police is just too much for the top brass to cope with according to an intertesting report in the Evening Times. The Big Chief has not got his required number of Little Chiefs and of those he has two Assistant Chief Constables are both new to the rank and are newcomers to Glasgow. I would ask:- were these newbies just parachuted into their jobs from a land far over the horizon? Or were they selected by the local police authority with full knowledge and awareness of the possible difficulties outlanders might find in a strange new world of deep fried Mars Bars and tribal warfare on the football pitch? All police chiefs were once newly trained police constables. An officer class existed pre war when those considered suitable were recruited at a senior level. Whether or not this is a matter being considered at higher levels within any police authority of course is beyond my knowledge. Perhaps Common Sense is no longer required in the upper echelons of the police establishment?

And it`s not just in Scotland where this weekend there are interesting tit bits on the ins and outs of the boys in blue.

In Essex in the financial year ending April 2010, there were 117 officers and staff earning above £50k per year, compared to 86 the previous year. They obviously need to employ a team of management consultants to manage their costs. The full story can be read here.

Gwent Chief Constable Mick Giannasi, who speaks for ACPO on road policing, is reported as saying in Motorcycle News that government funding cuts have left local authorities with no budget to renew camera equipment or pay the wages of staff who issue fixed penalties. He`s getting his retaliation first like all good coppers do. "Don`t blame us when the big cuts arrive," he seems to be saying in not too few words. I suppose time will tell but I believe in self preservation and that applies to most of us who drive. My prediction is that if and when speed cameras are removed from any area only when it is safe to do so will there be excessive speeding. What will happen is that 68MPH on a duel carriageway at 3.00am will just mean a quicker journey and not three points.

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All J.P.s have their opinions of the Probation Service. These opinions and knowledge gained are derived from the beginning of probation`s involvement with a defendant and the stories heard when a defendant is before us for breach. The early involvement is the content of the pre sentence report. It should be made clear that there is a general reluctance by probation officers for custody to be recommended. I suppose that is understandable; after all it would be akin to turkeys voting for Christmas. A "good" report in my opinion whilst not requiring the descriptive powers of a Louis de Bernières or the narrative skill of an Ian Fleming should be written in clear cohesive grammatically correct language and report accurately the essence of the interview upon which the writer bases the report. I do not know the educational standard of probation officers but I suppose as in many lower level professions quality is "mixed".

All this has been prompted by the recent I.T.V. programme "Tonight" the subject of which was the apparent poor quality of Community Payback the new trendy title of Community Service bestowed by Louise Casey the highly self opinionated and occasional drunk civil servant who has risen from relative obscurity as a Home Office employee via being appointed co-ordinator for the Respect Task Force, by way of appointment as The Director of the Home Office's Anti-Social Behaviour Unit to Commissioner for Victims and Witnesses. In three different areas it was suggested that poor supervision by probation staff allowed the participants to treat their punishment as a holiday.

The chief of Gloucestershire Probation Service was quick to hit back in an interview with "This is Gloucestershire" . He of course has his own political axe to grind as he trotted out the most fatuous of so called statistics about re-offending rates comparing short custodial sentences and community sentences supervised by probation; namely that he does not mention that the custodial sentences are applied to offenders for whom non custodial sentences have failed to change their behaviour.

So far so good, but the even better news is that it really does reduce re-offending. Our latest figures show that only 11 per cent of those sentenced to Community Payback return to us after 15 months. The re-offending rate for short-term prison sentences is 61 per cent.

However chief officers of probation have issued a clear warning, in a Channel 4 News survey, over their capacity to protect the public if the government goes ahead with plans to supervise more offenders in the community. The full report can be read here.

There is now no doubt at all that Kenneth Clarke`s public statements attempting to justify his "opinion" that short custodial sentences do not work to reduce re-offending in order to assist in cutting his budget by 40% were nothing short of ignorant ill informed bluster. I think rapid instruction to our Justice Secretary from our Ambassador to China on the oriental art of face saving is in order. Or perhaps the cheaper option of face painting to spare his blushes when he crawls back from his original statements.

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When I were a lad and you couldn`t go down the mines until you were twelve years old .....when you could take a knife into the street and give it to a grimy man treadling a machine that resembled your grandma`s sowing machine and he would sharpen it for sixpence.....when every few months the totter would stop in the street, give his horse a bag of hay and ring a bell for any old clothes or what have you for which he paid a few pence or a shilling or two if you were a haggler. These days epitomised in the series Steptoe and Son arguably the best comedy characters ever on T.V. came to an end about twenty years ago even in Shepherds Bush.

Talk of a totter nowadays and it means one thing and one thing only.......somebody disqualified from driving for collecting 12 penalty points within a specified period. A moot point is the act by a court of sentencing in absence, i.e. when for whatever reason the defendant is not in court to hear the pronouncement. Where I sit and in line with my personal preferences we do not do this on a matter of issuing a driving ban. If the summons to appear is disregarded a warrant is issued. However that is not mandatory practice.

A couple of weeks ago we had before us Kevin, mid twenties, who would probably describe the term "good night" as downing ten pints and finding his own way home. He was unrepresented and appeared before us on a charge of driving whilst disqualified and consequently also charged with driving with no insurance. All insurers have clauses in their policies which render the policy null and void if the driver is not qualified to drive. When asked to plead his reply was "Not Guilty". When he was asked on what grounds he was so pleading he told us he didn`t know he was disqualified and after gathering what wits he possessed he produced a letter from the court involved enquiring about the non payment of £200+ in fines and costs for the original offences for which he was disqualified some four months previously. It was explained to him that ignorance of the law is no excuse for breaking it. Unsurprisingly he changed his plea to Guilty when he was told the benefits of avoiding a trial at which he was unlikely to be aquitted.

Because Kevin declared he was on Benefits we were obliged to consider his income as £100 per week and with his plea he was fined a week`s "wages" i.e. £100 plus costs and a lesser amount for the no insurance. He had a further disqualification period of six months imposed.

For various reasons there was no sympathy on the bench for Kevin and his assertion that he was unaware because he had not received intimation of the hearing at which he was disqualified. But it is not difficult to imagine a scenario where such sympathy might exist. Courts which do not follow our practice should consider doing so. Justice must not only be done it must be seen to be done and that in my opinion includes ceasing the procedure of disqualifying in absence unless under the most extreme of situations where the alternative is not practicable or puts the public at risk.

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Anyone whose career or job involves direct contact with members of the public, [ and I include myself in this group] as opposed to being hidden away in the corner of an office with a keyboard his/her only contact with the outside world, is well aware of the pressures that can arise when confronted with irrational, bad tempered, depressed, ignorant or violent people and that`s on a good day.

When that job is as a police officer the temptations to use the authority of the uniform when, as is a major part of policing, in a confrontational situation, must be considerable. More than once I have encountered rude police officers who have adopted a threatening attitude because I have politely questioned an instruction whether sitting in a car whilst somebody is emptying the boot or some other equally innocent and seen to be innocent activity. It is when in contact with law abiding citizens that a police officer is most likely to be perceived as unnecessarily aggressive. The trouble is that when the job requires dealing with villains who could be peaceful one moment and uncontrollably violent the next a distinction between them and the rest of us must be difficult.

And so it seems for 2000 of the men in blue. According to reports in today`s Belfast Telegraph and the BBC that is the number of police officers who have had three or more complaints made against them in the last year. There are about 160,000 police officers in the U.K. so it is a fairly small proportion of the whole.

This information was made under a Freedom of Information request. Why on earth do authorities such as the police force in general not make public this type of information without its having to be dragged out of them? That truly would increase people`s respect for those organisations complying.

I note that a certain Mr T.Blair has been quoted from his newly published memoir that of his time as Prime Minister the F.O.I. Act is one of his regrets. He says it is not practical for good government. Given that most libertarians would assert that the F.O.I. Act was one of the most significant innovations of recent times for the ability of the individual to challenge an authority gone awry this revelation is quite amazing for a Prime Minister who presided over the most authoritarian government since 1945 that Act being a notable exception which did not prove the rule.

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The nettle of under age drinking must be grasped. Only very few people will be unaware of repeated regular statements by high powered health professionals, senior police officers and government spokespeople of all shades that excessive drinking by teenagers damages, sometimes to a terminal degree, their youthful bodies notwithstanding their disturbed minds, increases their likelihood of being involved as victim or aggressor in a criminal act and costs the state a fortune one way or another. One assumes that in most families the teenage drunks purchase their own fuel for their own fire eating episodes most weekends and days in between. The received description of brain surgeon or rocket scientist does not need to be applied to one`s thinking processes to determine how to stamp out this scourge almost immediately. On the basis that demand cannot be reduced to effect wholesale changes in consumption the only option is to render to those who supply the intoxicating liquor a degree of punishment to remove that supply. But such actions can happen only when there is a will and for all the blustering that will is conspicuous by its apparent absence. And as far as that apparent absence is concerned one only needs to read here of the CBI's Consumer Affairs Panel`s weak kneed excuses for not putting its own house in order. It`s everybody else who has or is the problem; not us, they whine and I quote, "Retailers say the complexity has increased staff training and vigilance but they feel that the current law does not provide employees with grounds for a fair trial if they are prosecuted." In effect they are complaining that my colleagues and I are not providing them a fair hearing. What absolute nonsense, drivel, rubbish with a hint of group libel.

I blogged on this subject on July 14th. Selling alcohol is a commercial function. Flagrant disregard for the law on the part of licensees in "off" premises ie retail outlets including supermarkets will be eliminated if the commercial consequences are greater than the potential rewards of retailing alcohol to youngsters. The current legislation for alcohol sale to a child allows a maximum fine of £5,000 but the individual convicted defendant who is not usually the business owner is fined in the range of half a week`s wages up to one and a half week`s with a reduction for a guilty plea. Rarely in my experience, limited though it is, does the business owner appear in court. If retailers including the large supermarkets were routinely fined £5,000 - £20,000 for a first offence with the threat of license withdrawal for a second offence committed within eg three years the problem would be solved.

If smoking by children has been reduced by the stick of legislation and the carrot of education why not a similar determination to curb this national disgrace of vomit covered pavements and damaged children with damaged lives?

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It seems it`s as natural for a famous wealthy Premier Division footballer to play away from home as it is to have at least a Ferrari and a Range Rover in his garage. But sometimes he leaves his garage door open when it should be firmly closed.

So the third England footballer in recent months [not Mr D.Beckham] has successfully sought an injunction to keep his identity secret with regard to alleged shenanigans,doing his bit for England, something on the side or whatever slang is favoured for the description of somebody`s bedroom frolics becoming as widely known as the frolicker himself is known. And that`s the rub.........how well known must the individual be before he is availed of this cloak of invisibility? With footballers is it a case of measuring the column inches written about them and anything less than two feet in the last twelve months has no chance of convincing his honour. With those playing in the Championship have they lost any possibility in such a circumstance unless they play for a newly relegated team? The legal arguments are for others to comment upon but in my humble opinion those who leave their garage open and who live by the sword of public exposure should die by that self same sword.

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There is a dearth of interesting news and other pressing matters over a Bank Holiday but viewed collectively a few snippets noticed over the last week or so arguably provide a greater insight into the criminal activity that takes place day in day out in every village, town and city in this country than the headline events.

I discussed drugs in prison on January 31st. A recent report concerning Craig Inches prison in Aberdeen commented upon by Shadow Scottish Justice Minister and North East MSP Richard Baker revealed that drugs finds at Craig Inches have doubled over the last 3 years. Of course the conclusions are perverse. With a fixed amount being brought in to the prison it could be said that detection and seizure have improved considerably but as the usual opinions are that drug seizures are a relatively fixed proportion of the total smuggled amount, in such a situation one might reliably conclude that the problem is getting out of control in this prison especially when the increase nationally of such seizures is just 12%. It is difficult to dismiss the thought that the prison drug problem in general is not a problem for those running prisons. In simple terms if there is not the will there is not a way.

As somebody who has been for some years in favour of the de criminalisation of drugs nothing seems more to articulate the case that hard drug users require a medical intervention and not a legal one than the case reported at Blackburn Magistrates` Court where Kenneth Young was imprisoned for his 183rd offence. Cases such as this should be on the desks of cabinet ministers responsible for our health and law and order.

It seems that the difficulties of the European Extradition Treaty about which I commented on August 23rd is not just one way. Our European Union associates` justice systems are being utilised in all their majesty to extradite low level criminals to their homelands where justice is waiting for them. It seems this reciprocity is at the British tax payers` expense. There is an interesting report in The Telegraph.

Since increased resources from all directions have been focussed on domestic violence the impediment often preventing justice being done is the same as it always has been......the reluctance of the injured party, usually but not exclusively female, to give evidence against the male perpetrator. Bringing such cases to court involves the judgement of the CPS; their task is certainly difficult. How many cases fall at this hurdle I obviously don`t know. A clear example of such a case both resulting in a conviction and the complainant re-uniting with her guilty partner was heard at Croydon Crown Court. The defendant had pleaded guilty and the assumption is that magistrates had sent him to the Crown Court for sentence. The disposal suggests they could have saved the state money by retaining sentencing but that`s another matter for another time.

Interestingly enough the Manchester Evening News reports that there were 28,493 reports of domestic abuse in the Greater Manchester area in the first six months of the year. How many ended in court proceedings is unknown. Perhaps the recent speculation that there is some evidence that Neanderthals bred with early Homo Sapiens in or around Old Trafford when the home team lost has some truth to it.

And this is criminal life as we have come to accept it in 2010.

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I might be somewhat naïve but I have usually considered the organisation Civitas a reasonably reliable source of information derived from a thorough politically impartial analysis of a circumstance. When the rationale behind a party political policy is dressed up to appear as if there is a sound statistical outcome based on politically neutral input and these outcomes are found to be increasingly porous rather than watertight organisations outwith political control especially those with a track record of credible accuracy are accorded justified influence by commentators and cynics alike.

Such an organisation is Civitas. It has consistently postulated that the costs of incarcerating prisoners in real terms is less than the commonly accepted statement of "it costs more to keep a person in jail than to send a boy to Eton College". This position is broadly based on the below the line costs to society when a crime is committed, the real costs of supervision outside prison and a true comparison of the expense of recidivism by those spared an immediate custodial sentence. Kenneth Clarke`s blokey blustering since the election that short sentences don`t work has been seen by those involved to be nothing less than a political decision that the projected costs of increases to the prison population will be ruinous for his budget. He has been attacked from all sides by those who are politically neutral and supported by those organisations committed to ideas formulated by faith rather than reason.

Civitas this weekend has published "Prison, Community Sentencing and Crime"by Prof. Ken Pease, Manchester Business School. For all interested in this subject it is a very worthwhile read.

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The old adage, ignorance of the law is no excuse, might have been applicable when it was first coined 2000 years ago but at a time when according to the Law Commission 3,000 criminal offences were created between 1997-2010 it might have increased substance as a defence in theory if not in practice.

From my experiences in court I am of the opinion that some of the non police uniformed figures telling us where we mustn`t wait, where we can`t walk, what we can`t wear, what we can`t drop, where we can`t cycle etc etc rely on their scanty knowledge of a tiny bit of law to persuade, frighten, threaten ordinary citizens to do or not do what they are told to do or not do. But for that to be more or less written into the system is unacceptable. The case of CPS-v-Jolly AER 20 [May] in allowing a police officer to explain to a driver who has provided a breath sample of < 50mg that it can be substituted for a blood or urine test by simply reading the words on the form without explanation is in my opinion restrictive but who am I to argue?

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A few years ago a new class of CPS prosecutor was introduced to the magistrates` court system; the DCW dedicated case worker. That`s "dedicated" as restricted to a specific function as opposed to "dedicated" meaning wholly committed . Upon their introduction CPS assured all who cared to listen that they would be used as the definition specifies for functionary activities within strict limits as laid out by their reviewing lawyer eg bail applications. Now it has been decided that soon they will prosecute trials.

But to return to bail applications.......a couple of months ago a South African man appeared having been charged that between......2006 and......2010 at.......dishonestly obtaining a pecuniary advantage , namely that you were given the opportunity to earn remuneration in an employment by deception insofar as you falsely represented that you had leave to remain and right to work in the U.K. contrary to sect.16[1] of the Theft Act 1968. This gentleman pleaded Not Guilty and the pertinent facts as we heard them were that he used a false passport and accompanying documents in the alleged offence which involved £100,000 in earnings received during the period in question. When it came to bail the DCW told us that since the defendant had recently married a U.K. citizen and had had a child by her he was not a flight risk and therefore unconditional bail was not opposed. This was of course endorsed by his counsel who covered himself by adding that if we were so minded his client could sign at suitable time[s] at the local police station. In view of the facts we were surprised. We imposed a condition that in addition to signing once a week he surrender his passport which he had with him and that in itself was almost farcical in its application. Our L.A. told us he would have to formally be seen by the jailers in the cells and the passport taken from him there. That procedure was required, according to the L.A., because, in spite of his waving it about, if the passport were not with him he would have had to be taken to prison until it were made available. Five minutes later the defendant re-appeared and the Serco person told us that it wasn`t their job and they wouldn`t do it. The L.A. repeated that she couldn`t take the passport. The Bench then suggested she summon one of the duty police officers. He duly appeared and told us he was not sure it was his job. "It`s the court`s job", he replied. "Well", said the chairman," you`re an officer of the court; take him downstairs, take the passport and give him a clearly written and dated receipt." The previous case that afternoon had involved an East European complaining inter alia that his passport previously handed into us a year ago on another matter was apparently unavailable and nobody knew anything about it.

And all this in a typical day when lawyers still conduct trials and 40% cash reductions have yet to hit the front line. When the brown effluent hits the fan heaven help the front line.

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Robert Peel; he who conceived the idea of a police force as we now know it, had as his objective the prevention of breaches of the peace and its natural consequence, the maintenance of public order. I doubt that in the early 19th cent. peeing in public was a criminal offence when the term public decency had yet to be uttered except when the legs of the piano according to legend were left uncovered.

So it was no surprise to read recently that Wendy Lewis, who desecrated a war memorial by urinating on the Blackpool Cenotaph , was given a 15-week prison sentence, suspended for a year. But what followed was a surprise although in retrospect perhaps not considering my blog of April 4th this year. But of that later.

A supporter of said "lady" is alleged outside the court building to have given a Hitler salute and made with his finger the universally accepted joke Hitler moustache a la John Cleese and Monty Python. For this alleged offence of using threatening words or behaviour to cause harassment, alarm or disorder he will shortly appear before the local bench. I would find this disturbing if when the facts emerge the only behaviour alleged to be threatening were the salute.

Re-enactment aficionados have been widely criticised for the use of nazi and SS death head regalia including swastikas. The opposition to the use of Wehrmacht uniforms has been muted and that is because there is a historical difference between "the ordinary German WW2 soldier" and "nazis" or so we are informed. There is no Holocaust denial legislation here as there is in Germany. The subject can be discussed and the David Irvings of this world can be shown up for what they are; nazi apologists. Be that as it may, in this country there is no law against the lampoon. There is however a legal back passage through which such restrictions are being enforced...the Mohammed cartoon of infamous memory was perhaps the most memorable. On 4th April I blogged that Section V[1] and [6] of the Public Order Act 1986 is being used as a "catch all". A WW2 veteran was convicted for goose-stepping to indicate his opinion of the actions of Police Community Support Officers.

That greatest of all clowns a certain Mr C.Chaplin in his film The Great Dictator 1940 lampooned Hitler to perfection and was instrumental in bringing home to a pacifist America just what the evil of nazism was all about. He did it with humour.

If the symbolic nature of a nazi salute as a mark of contempt by a person for [in his opinion] the unreasonable authoritarian actions of a public body or a uniformed officer, is in the process of becoming a public order offence per se let it be shouted loud and long from every police headquarters in England.....seig heil!

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They used to be called [learned]"justices` clerk" but are now known as [learned] legal advisers. They were once known as Magistrates` Courts and still are. "J.P.s rule O.K."

Advisers advise and magistrates decide or so is the theory. In my time on the bench as winger and chairman I have noted bench chairmen thankfully abrogating everything possible to their legal adviser. As much of the work in open court that could be done by either the chairman or the L.A. was seconded to the L.A. It even extended to the retiring room where many colleagues retiring to consider a verdict would invite the L.A. to join them almost immediately. Most would keep at some physical distance but there were occasions when advice would be offered, in my opinion, inappropriately whether in timing or content. Legal advice of course should always be proffered in court before the bench retires.

I would not echo their honours who usually refer to it as my court but I have always considered that with few exceptions a bench chairman should in a judicial fashion be in command of the court. It follows that a chairman and a L.A. who are confident in each`s ability and authority usually can be seen by a fly on the wall to conduct an efficient flowing courtroom be it remands where there is never enough time to complete a list, a trial or one of the many variations of justice being seen to be done over which we preside. So it is unusual for a bench to overrule its L.A.

Re-reading my post earlier this week on Judge Shorrock`s verbal bollocking from their Lordships for speaking out of turn reminded me of an incident which required this writer also to speak out of turn with the total agreement of his colleagues.

The defendant had been charged with criminal damage the week previously, been remanded in custody and was before us for another bail application. He was unrepresented. His English was poor but adequate. He was Moslem. He was asked by the L.A. to identify himself ..........silence; the request was repeated with the same result. Our L.A. turned to the bench and whispered that according to the file the previous appearance had had the same result. In the circumstances I asked for identity using a closed question.....are you?.....let`s call him Mr. Ali...... He nodded and repeated the gesture with regard to the other identifying questions. Since he was on remand to be tried about three months later I asked if he had spoken to the duty solicitor; no reply..... at which point our L.A. stated that he had refused to see the duty on the previous occasion and also had refused the opportunity to talk to the consultant psychiatrist whose duty day this was. He again did not answer when he was offered the duty solicitor. He was told that if he continued in the same manner he would be in prison until his trial, a longer period than he was likely to be sentenced to if he were found guilty. No response......our L.A. gave us the date and the pronouncement was made of his being remanded in custody until.....but that he would be before us again in twenty eight days. Down he goes to the cells and a moment later our L.A. tells us the trial date must be changed because CPS had just noticed the complainant in the case was on holiday. Notice of trial dates must be made with the defendant present so the call was made to bring him up again. Two minutes later the jailer emerges alone to tell us that it is time for his prayers, he will not come up and that Allah will provide. And this is where we parted company with our L.A. for she told us that we had no option but to go to the cells to pronounce the amended date. After three pairs of eyes, one pair Moslem, one pair Roman Catholic and one pair indeterminate blinked in astonishment we dismissed the suggestion. We told the L.A. to write a notice duly signed by herself to be handed to the defendant. She did not for a minute demur. At the conclusion of the sitting we informed the Deputy Justices` Clerk of our actions and she agreed that our pragmatic approach was perfectly acceptable in the unusual circumstances.

Justices of the Peace are appraised for their competencies every three years or so but an appraisal in my opinion is akin to deconstructing the act of running into its various sections and expecting the resultant description to resemble an active Lynford Christie. It doesn`t. There are some situations for which preparation is useless and where life is the only teacher. Thankfully in the public arena that is a Magistrates` Court they are few and far between.

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Three months on and the new government has a couple of months to gather its thoughts as do the M.P.s whose election arithmetic forms the basis of the coalition. But as well as being cannon fodder for government as were many 1997-2010 this new cohort shows every possibility of thinking for itself and as individual representatives of putting constituents above party interests. And nowhere so early in the game is this being shown than on the contentious subject of court closures led by old time survivor Kenneth Clarke.

There are those on the government payroll who have voiced opposition to the closure of their local court. Ministers Iain Duncan Smith, Andrew Mitchell, Edward Garnier and Ed Davey have all voiced their opposition. This will certainly prove interesting when the final list of courts to be closed is published. M.P.s in general and opposition M.P.s in particular are certainly making hay whilst the sun still shines on this subject. After all they are kicking at an open door.

It would take big cahones as they say in Spanish for a prospective candidate to support closure of their local court. It`s not surprising that much rubbish is being infiltrated into the "keep them open" argument.

An example is reported in the Liverpool Daily Post from Maria Eagle, the Garston and Halewood MP. She asserted that victims of domestic violence will suffer by such closures. It is uncontroversial that increasing travelling time to a court hearing will deter a certain number of witnesses from appearing but she has claimed in effect that closing twenty courts where such cases are heard will increase domestic violence. The good lady should do her homework. A "Domestic Violence" court is not a court building where only such matters are dealt with. It is the designation on a given day or days when such cases are heard by court officials who are delegated to that subject in a particular courtroom specially equipped with eg screens, video equipment and protected dock. To put the frighteners on her constituents as she appears to be doing does a disservice to them and herself by jumping on a bandwagon which is rolling along well enough without her input. Miss Eagle as a former Minister in the Ministry of Justice should know better. Although having said that, on 17 May 2009 the Daily Telegraph revealed that she had claimed £3,500 for the refurbishment of the bathroom of her Liverpool home property, then switched her second home designation to a different property just four months later. Miss Eagle showed her feelings for open honest government when according to Wikipedia she voted in favour of legislation which would have kept MPs expense information secret.

All`s well in love, war and politics.

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It is not all that often that the Magistrates` Association`s house magazine "Magistrate" has an article that offers information on an important topic about which I am totally ignorant and as memory serves me has never ever been alluded to in a training session or at any time by a legal adviser when I have been involved in a sentencing bench.

Such was a colleague`s article entitled "Looking closely at custody" in the current issue. Before continuing it is helpful to know that the sentencing structures at courts were formulated under the Sentencing Guidelines Council in 2004 in order to achieve a certain logical approach to sentencing and to avoid the appearance of "post code sentencing". That effort has not, in my opinion, been unsuccessful. This organisation in the spirit of the tendency for governments to think up new names for similar structures is now The Sentencing Council.

Returning to the subject, all sentencers must justify their sentences in open court and explain why custodial sentences especially are the only possible disposal in such cases. It is by such hurdle jumping that relatively few custodial sentences are made at Magistrates` Courts. However the article in question referred to a document published 16/12/2004 by the Sentencing Guidelines Council....."Overarching Principles: Seriousness". I had never known of this until opening the magazine. Its content had never ever been mentioned by name in my presence by anybody at any time although the principles are familiar.The important conclusion is that even when all the hurdles have been taken and custody appears to be the only option there should be a final discussion as to whether even a suspended custodial sentence can be avoided even although by a structured approach there is no other sentence but immediate custody which can be justified.

passing the custody threshold does not mean that a custodial sentence should be
deemed inevitable, and custody can still be avoided in the light of personal mitigation or where there is a suitable intervention in the community which provides sufficient restriction (by way of punishment) while addressing the rehabilitation of the offender to prevent future crime. For example, a prolific offender who currently could expect a short custodial sentence (which, in advance of custody plus, would have no provision for supervision on release) might more appropriately receive a suitable community sentence.

The SGC as mentioned above has been superseded by the Sentencing Council. In the light of current political pressures I am surprised that this document has not been brought to the attention of magistrates; at least not this one nor his bench.

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For those whose livelihood depends on having an up to date knowledge of our legal system and/or what precedents are set in the higher courts the links below will just be routine but for others whose interest does not extend to that depth the forensic analyses of such proceedings is more than just informative; they are somewhat amusing. After all for the layman and that includes J.P.s such criticism of their honours is not an everyday occurrence.

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL (CRIMINAL DIVISION)
ON APPEAL FROM THE CROWN COURT AT WOOLWICH
His Honour Judge Shorrock

Read here and here.

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It`s unusual to comment on offences in far away jurisdictions of which we know little but the case of Lewis Hamilton`s four wheeled escapade on the public roads of Melbourne Australia is interesting not for the reasons for behaving like a Jack-the-Lad instead of one of the best racing drivers this or any other country has produced. No; it`s because even as a defendant with presumably no record of "previous" down under he was fined the maximum possible under Aussie Rules at Melbourne Magistrates` Court for what they term "hoon" or reckless driving when he was fined the maximum amount of $10,000AUID; about £5,725.

Although I have no experience of having a multi millionaire sports star before me [they are usually reserved for the DJ...bah humbug] it is rare to read of individuals of such worth being fined the maximum possible for driving offences which do not cause injury. Careless driving attracts a maximum of £5,000 + possible disqualification. In January, a Swiss driver was fined $290,000 - the current world record. When an offender is caught speeding Swiss law takes into account the wealth of the driver and the speed recorded.

When individuals` wealth is measured in tens of millions even disqualification does not bring the same inconvenience as it would to most of us. Drivers can be hired for as long as needed. Perhaps we have something to learn in this regard from the clock makers.

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Prior to reaching my current state of cynicism and when I was naïve enough to believe that although I might disagree with conclusions or political intent I did assume that governments had sufficient input from wherever it was needed that the repercussions of proposed policies would be thoroughly investigated. In addition apart from Profumo and Rotten and Pocket Boroughs of the 19th century I thought most politicians were an honourable lot. How foolish I was.

The last few days have had three decisions of the Labour government more or less shredded. The legal arguments have been and are being put by those whose knowledge base is infinitely greater than mine and I do not propose to go down that route.

I have previously extolled the website Big Brother Watch. Many of its revelations have concerned the operation of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act. This legislation was criticised by many but of course the Labour government with its huge majority steamrolled it through parliament under the watchful sightless eyes of David Blunkett a cabinet minister who was twice forced to resign for conduct that was not exactly befitting that of somebody in his position. Recently he was quoted as having remarked that he hadn`t foreseen the manner in which the legislation would be applied. We have been promised by the Coalition that the powers of local authorities to employ this Act to the detriment of the privacy of the individual will be curtailed.

The European Extradiction Treaty is another example of sign up and consider later. Whilst Wikipedia is not the last word in accurate information the following extract makes useful reading;

Exemptions in the European Union
The usual extradition agreement safeguards relating to dual-criminality, the presence of prima facie evidence and the possibility of a fair trial have been waived by many European nations for a list of specified offences under the terms of the European Arrest Warrant. The warrant entered into force in eight European Union (EU) member-states on 1 January 2004, and is in force in all member-states since 22 April 2005. Defenders of the warrant[who?] argue that the usual safeguards are not necessary because every EU nation is committed by treaty, and often by legal and constitutional provisions, to the right to a fair trial, and because every EU member-state is subject to the European Convention on Human Rights[citation needed].

Perhaps in the light of recent experience some of the 232 newbie M.P.s will attach as much importance to the scrutiny of new legislation as to their attempts to ascend the greasy pole?

The Kelly affair has reached a pitch which in my opinion hammers another nail into the reputation of this country that it is above the sleaze which affects most other nations. Instead there is a slippery slope more akin to that of a banana kingdom removing public confidence in the integrity of their government. Once more the possibility that the labour government was as bent as a three pound note is being mooted high and wide because an inquiry was held and not full inquest.

The Coalition has an opportunity to sweep the stable clean. We watch and wait.

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Reading a recent report in the Worcester News makes me almost regret my assertion yesterday commenting on the dearth of local court reports. Perhaps living in the sticks for a few weeks would rid my persona of the "townie knows it all" attitude. Now that humble pie has been publicly ingested the above named `paper carries a report of remarks made by a bench chairman regarding his and his colleagues` dissatisfaction with a pre-sentence report prepared by the probation service prior to sentencing. I can state that without fear of contradiction this declaration at Worcester Magistrates` Court is unusual insofar as it was not only made in open court but was not hedged with courtspeak; an unusual dialect that has no vocabulary with which to insult another speaker. The general sentiments of frustration and disappointment arise far too often with an admittedly overworked and under funded probation service.

The Commissioner of the Met seems to be following in the footsteps of his unlamented predecessor in his predilection for wading in with political statements where others fear to tread. His recent comments that tax payer funded child care is as important as police officers on the beat has provoked not surprisingly a certain amount of criticism. The report is available here.

It seems that the town of Selby has a new type of individual whose description according to the report sounds more appropriate to Dodge City than Yorkshire or perhaps it could be a nocturnal animal of which we know little. The story of the northern night marshal is here.

Newly elected M.P. Yasmin Qureshi [Labour Bolton South East] seems to have little regard for the law she has been elected to enact. The lady who had a previous offence of using a mobile phone whilst driving has done it again. And this time she was also convicted of driving without having insurance. For some reason she did not attend court to be disqualified for six months. Usually an offender who doesn`t attend for this purpose is "encouraged" to do so. A magistrate with such offences against him/her would be sacked.

And finally a colleague from Magistrates` Association who spends a minute or two here occasionally and also is a visitor to Law Actually, one of the two blogs on my blog list....the other is Law and Lawyers which should be bookmarked for high quality legal comment ..... has informed me that he has voted for this blogger who surprisingly is on that site`s voting list for "best newcomer". I`m not too proud to admitting to be a first timer middle aged fogie attempting to be a blogger. If any reader wants to add an X and for others in other categories look here.

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It could be argued to put it simply that the factors considered by a court when deciding the effects of sentencing an offender are punishment, rehabilitation and deterrence. The first two need no explanation but the third?

When the majority of the population lived in villages the deterrence of being hanged for anything from theft to murder or placed in the stocks and being targeted by throwers of rotten vegetable went a long way to ensuring there was a modicum of order in society even if the law was suspect. One did not need to read about the results of unlawful behaviour. One saw it first hand on the doorstep.

I commented generally on this on 12/02/2010. Local deterrence is now provided by TV and to an extent local newspapers. Sitting as I do in a metropolitan borough I cannot recollect ever seeing a reporter in my court except when a high profile alleged rapist appeared. Gone are the days when first job journalists wrote up in the local rag the day`s events at their local magistrates` court and so gone are the days when the shame of appearing in that rag conceivably assisted in keeping the locals on the straight and narrow. But, I`m pleased to note, that doesn`t apply to South Yorkshire`s Star newspaper. All the activity of offenders convicted at Sheffield Magistrates` Court between August 9th and 14th is there for all to read. "This is the West Country" offers similar news to its readers regarding offenders convicted at Taunton Magistrates` Court.

Would that this were so common it wouldn`t be worth a blog!

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A couple of definitions of the word "fashion" are a prevailing custom or conventional usage. The word itself is often associated with dress and especially female attire; hemlines up, hemlines down, necklines up or more usually down.

But the same word can safely be applied to policy whether by government or any agency which purports to be "engaging with the public requirement". One such is "targets" or "targeting". In my own courthouse there is an area of wall in the retiring room about 10ft x 5ft with graphs, histograms and pie charts about how long it has taken to do this or do that or to get to this stage or that stage in proceedings, how much of this and how much of that and all compared with "targets". One factor missing is "results". This seems to be common. It was due only to somebody`s Freedom of Information enquiry that the numbers of those found guilty after trial at Magistrates` Courts for the last three years were made available and published on this site 16th August.

Well it seems for some bodies the fashion for targets is being rejected or so say Gloucester Police. In a 53 page document full of endless platitudes and clichés about their intentions and plans for the forthcoming year there is on p3 the following statement, "We will move away from the traditional culture of achieving performance targets and instead concentrate on improving public confidence." What this means is that this agency does not want to be left pursuing what was considered the optimum way forward, when the previous government pushed achieving "targets" as the means to cure all society`s ills, when the fashion has changed. We have all manner of senior people who as soon as they are safely squirreling away their largely tax payers` provided generous monthly pension payments begin pontificating on the mistakes made by others when they were in positions to have been able to make positive criticism but about which they kept silent.

I suppose it goes back to the old adage, "Do not bite the hand that feeds you". And that`s why Gloucester Police are now changing track. I wish good luck to Tony Melville the new chief constable who will no doubt carve out his own path in compliance with time honoured trends.

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When there is a confluence of power and unreasonable, poorly thought out proposals from one side of a negotiating party and disharmony, obsequiousness and top down unrepresentative arrogance from the other negotiating party the result often is crass stupidity by the weaker of the two parties. Thus is the state of the Magistrates` Association. It is governed by a self serving body of people who spend without financial reward many hours on attending all kinds of meetings as much for their own aggrandisement as for the benefit of those they purport to represent. In times past many trade unions operated in a similar manner by virtue of the disinterest of the average member allowing officials to masquerade as being representatives.

On 20th January I reported that the Chief Constable of Greater Manchester Police had suggested that courts should be set up in the local Arndale Centre. The idea was ill conceived but the Chief had a perfect right to suggest this option. However, and this is where we were warned of the impending descent into pantomime, John Thornhill, chairman of the Magistrates Association, was quoted as saying: "We need to be taking justice to communities and it seems to me having a court in the Arndale Centre would be one way of doing it. In principle, if we can deal with things speedily and pragmatically we are happy to do that." It appears that either the Council of the Magistrates` Association was unaware of this or ignored it. In any event Mr John Howson deputy chairman repeating the suggestion has recently made a complete fool of himself, the Association he represents and magistrates in general. Apart from a change in geography this lunatic suggestion reappeared recently in many media outlets of which the London Evening Standard was just one and The Solicitors` Journal another. He endorsed the suggestion for a vacant shop premise in the Westfield shopping centre in West London to be used as a court. There are many reasons why this should be dismissed the most important of which are that at a time when courts in West London are likely to be closed the cost of ensuring a shop has the basic requirements for a court....security, offices, cells, communications etc etc etc etc is disproportionate to any benefits.

Mr Howson is now covering his tracks. He told Solicitors Journal that "it`s not likely to go anywhere....probably. But it is the sort of thing that the papers like at this time of year, it makes them appear interested in the issue. And let`s face it, we got some pretty good PR out of it." What rubbish comes with these words. Obviously Mr Howson belongs to the school of thought which believes all publicity is good publicity.

This brings into focus what happens when a top heavy organisation has reached its sell by date. The coterie at the top is exposed as a hard working self opinionated group of aged JPs working towards their metallic rewards associated with such positions. They do not represent rank and file. Until the branch representative system is subject to total overhaul this will continue. Perhaps this event will be a trigger.

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I would have thought that most visitors to this site include it as but one of many areas where they seek opinions, news or information about topics which are realistically perhaps not of interest to the man or woman more concerned with making an honest living and hoping that the family budget will still allow a few drinks and a couple of weeks holiday if petrol doesn`t reach £2/litre.

National and local local newspapers where they still exist are a major source of information. The Ministry of Justice recently published projections of the prison population to 2016. Not surprisingly that press release was picked up by all news outlets including The Guardian and The Telegraph. The former headlines its piece, "Prison population predicted to hit record 88,500 by 2016" and The Telegraph "Prison population 'to be lower than predicted'". Not to be outdone the Yorkshire Post adds its own gloss, "Fall in prison numbers puts huge building plans in doubt". There`s a motto there somewhere.

It seems that Police in Cumbria alongside the Council and the CPS are looking for more work.........perhaps they spend too much time trying to catch gun wielding mass murderers or framing charges correctly.........but it seems that there might be serious hate crime on disabled people which is so far undetected. The newspaper report can be read here. One would have thought that the organisations concerned would find more to do with their time and tax payers money. Most people labled "disabled" have avenues to complain if needed and those whose mental capacity precludes this have carers to assist them. The tragedy of carer inflicted criminality will not be solved by this "initiative".

The sometimes atrocious and often unlawful treatment of photographers by police has been posted here previously. It seems that that unusual organisation of chief police officers, which is also a very profitable company, ACPO, has finally re-issued guidance that photography is not a criminal act to be stopped by heavy handed actions of officers some of whom just need jackboots to complete the image their actions demanded.

A term that was unknown a decade ago has entered modern parlance initially with reference to the inhabitants of the square mile where the motto was "you eat what you kill" or more familiarly; bonus culture. Applied to business where profit is the name of the game whether that business is banking or baking is a sound method of employers ensuring that employees feel rewarded in a company`s success. Applying it to a police force seems perverse. With admirable candour Police Federation chairman Paul McKeever said the extra payments, introduced in 2002 to offer incentives for performance, were being handed to officers for simply carrying out their duties. He said: "Bonuses are being given for the job we should be doing anyway and have not increased productivity. A report can be read here.

There`s been much talk of restorative justice. I commented here on June 21st. It seems nobody`s too young to have this elixir of law and order applied. The Telegraph reports a four year old child who admitted causing criminal damage being put through this regime.

This is a complete nonsense and a total waste of time and money. This child`s parents were the ones who should have been the subject of investigation. Is it me or are there people in positions of power and influence who could not pin a tail on a donkey or even recognise one if they saw it? Couldn`t they? That is the donkey; even they should recognise the tail.

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Should legal representation in courts [criminal and civil] be considered as a citizen`s right in a similar manner to the delivery of healthcare? The answer has to be a definite "No" but the reality has been until a few years ago that many defendants, some with ample means, were able to employ quality legal representation at the tax payers` expense. It was called Legal Aid. Many law firms made a good living by providing their expertise on an open ended piece work based system. Gradually this, what some might term gravy train, has been reduced to a slow shunt for the simple reason that costs had increased almost beyond control.

In the civil courts the "pay if we win" formula has led to the establishment of call centres, widely advertised on TV, whereby solicitors paying for inclusion have customers directed to them. Many householders now have an option on their household insurance polices to be protected against legal costs within certain conditions.

Every magistrate is aware of the effect of reduced legal aid availability; unrepresented trial defendants are becoming an increasing feature of summary criminal justice. In such situations both legal adviser and bench chairman have a duty to ensure that the legal playing field remains as level as is compatible with processing a case satisfactorily.

But the news today that tens of thousands of asylum seekers and immigrants will no longer receive legal aid to fight deportation in order to save £billions is of a different order. The scandals of the appeal system and the abuses used by illegals in their attempts to remain here are the problem. If the systems currently in use had been subjected to scrutiny including obligations imposed by legislation originating outwith these islands there would have been little need for the sophistry of the Justice Ministry in trying to justify this latest attempt to cut costs.

When the power of the state is used against those who are the most vulnerable it is a cause for concern. When that power is wielded to disguise the overwhelming failure of that state to take control of its own borders it is nothing short of a stain on all of us especially those whose memories include being taught what was "Great" about Great Britain. We`re barely a "united" kingdom and certainly Britain is no longer "great" by any interpretation of that description and this latest announcement is in line with our moral decline as a nation.

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Everyone who is regularly involved with the Criminal Justice System cannot but be in agreement with me that there is a lot wrong with the Crown Prosecution Service. One might comment that in a national organisation of such complexity there will always be faults found if one looks hard enough. I commented at length on 30/3/2010. and 16/3/2010. But in this organisation one does not have to look further than any single week`s failings whether in Cumbria or Cornwall or any place in between. Every lawyer, J.P., D.J. or Crown Court Judge will have his/her own story. Her Majesty's Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate (HMcpsi) have found some prosecutors neglected their core duties of bringing criminals before courts. The performance of the C.P.S. in London can only be described as dire. Reports on BBC and in The Independent provide details of failings exposed.

Now six months on further evidence of incompetence was published in yesterday`s Sunday Times which operates a pay per view website and so is not offered here. The thrust of the article is that wrong charges were pursued in 10% - 20% of cases and that there is a strong belief amongst magistrates and police that there is a distinct possibility that under charging might be routine. The article highlights that wrong charges were brought in 19% of cases in Nottinghamshire, 17% in South Wales and 15% in the London Borough of Brent. Unsurprisingly the DPP denied the the accuracy of such figures. Malcolm Taylor of the Police Federation`s legislation sub committee said, "They seem reluctant to see some cases go for trial and press charges where they are more likely to get a guilty plea". Nicola Stell of the Magistrates` Association was quoted as saying, "We have serious concerns about under-charging but don`t have the powers to say, `We`re not accepting this charge.` We feel some cases are being brought as common assault simply to save money." Recently obtained figures under the Freedom of Information Act for the outcome of trials at Magistrates` Courts show a considerable and inexplicable disparity in outcomes. I have attempted a basic statistical analysis here but I would welcome any comments from those whose abilities in this regard are better than mine.

About four months ago after a sitting had finished I asked a CPS lawyer why she had offered no evidence in a case to which she replied that there were not enough reviewing lawyers to attend to all matters expeditiously. Similar reasons have been proffered when committal papers are not ready on time. It is increasingly likely that there will be redundancies in the CPS, lawyers included. However there is just a glimmer that Kenneth Clarke might perhaps in his zeal have overreached himself in his rush to produce his ministry`s 40% budget reduction. This country will still function if eg hospital patients paid for food or those not on benefits paid £5 per G.P. visit. It cannot function if the foundations of the criminal justice system are undermined by the termites of the Treasury to the extent that has been proposed.

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Everyone who is regularly involved with the Criminal Justice System cannot but be in agreement with me that there is a lot wrong with the Crown Prosecution Service. One might comment that in a national organisation of such complexity there will always be faults found if one looks hard enough. I commented at length on 30/3/2010. But in this organisation one does not have to look further than any single week`s failings whether in Cumbria or Cornwall or any place in between. Every lawyer, J.P., D.J. or Crown Court Judge will have his/her own story. Her Majesty's Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate (HMcpsi) have found some prosecutors neglected their core duties of bringing criminals before courts. The performance of the C.P.S. in London can only be described as dire. Reports on BBC and in The Independent provide details of failings exposed.

Now six months on further evidence of incompetence was published in yesterday`s Sunday Times which operates a pay per view website and so is not offered here. The thrust of the article is that wrong charges were pursued in 10% - 20% of cases and that there is a strong belief amongst magistrates and police that there is a distinct possibility that under charging might be routine. The article highlights that wrong charges were brought in 19% of cases in Nottinghamshire, 17% in South Wales and 15% in the London Borough of Brent. Unsurprisingly the DPP denied the the accuracy of such figures. Malcolm Taylor of the Police Federation`s legislation sub committee said, "They seem reluctant to see some cases go for trial and press charges where they are more likely to get a guilty plea". Nicola Stell of the Magistrates` Association was quoted as saying, "We have serious concerns about under-charging but don`t have the powers to say, `We`re not accepting this charge.` We feel some cases are being brought as common assault simply to save money." Recently obtained figures under the Freedom of Information Act for the outcome of trials at Magistrates` Courts show a considerable and inexplicable disparity in outcomes. I have attempted a basic statistical analysis here but I would welcome any comments from those whose abilities in this regard are better than mine.

About four months ago after a sitting had finished I asked a CPS lawyer why she had offered no evidence in a case to which she replied that there were not enough reviewing lawyers to attend to all matters expeditiously. Similar reasons have been proffered when committal papers are not ready on time. It is increasingly likely that there will be redundancies in the CPS, lawyers included. However there is just a glimmer that Kenneth Clarke might perhaps in his zeal have overreached himself in his rush to produce his ministry`s 40% budget reduction. This country will still function if eg hospital patients paid for food or those not on benefits paid £5 per G.P. visit. It cannot function if the foundations of the criminal justice system are undermined by the termites of the Treasury to the extent that has been proposed.

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There is a grouping of individuals who call themselves Freemen of England whose prime entertainment is their anarchic behaviour when confronted by the legislation that most of the time allows most of us to live peaceful lives within a clearly defined set of rules. Their refusal to recognise the courts system has been well documented. Colleagues on my own bench have been faced with their attempted disruption. I was in court when an individual failed to appear on a charge of contempt related to the above mentioned disruption. I presume his subsequent probable arrest would have jolted his sense of separateness.

One such event was filmed and is available on youtube.

I have always been under the impression that recording of proceedings in court was illegal and any person caught so doing is liable to be dealt with under the Contempt of Court Act 1981 maximum sentence one month custody or s41 Criminal Justice Act 1925 carrying a maximum of £1,000 fine. What I was unaware of until reading a newspaper report recently was that in the Crown Court a judge hearing an appeal from a magistrates` court had the authority to allow such recording. When permission was requested in writing from the appellant " The judge sent a message back, saying he could apply for permission to record the proceedings - but such an application had to be made in person."

With the over the counter availability of button sized TV cameras and transmitters it is only a matter of time before the surreptitious recording and broadcasting of a major case and/or jury room discussion is a reality. There is an argument that court proceedings should be available to all who wish to observe. Some would say that this development not dissimilar to broadcasting Parliament is overdue. Has this matter been given any consideration by Her Majesty`s Court Service?

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Those appointed as Justice of the Peace are very clearly made aware that their public position makes them liable to very severe strictures on the conduct of their private life insofar as it might tarnish the image of the magistracy. Thus a fortnight ago a member of the Waltham Forest Bench who was also a local councillor was removed. The Office for Judicial Complaints issued the following statement;

"Mr Graham Sinclair, a magistrate appointed to the Waltham Forest Bench,
failed to notify the Department for Work and Pensions of a material change in
circumstances that would have affected his entitlement to benefit. A judicial
investigation found his actions fell below the standards expected of a
magistrate. As a result, the Lord Chief Justice and the Lord Chancellor have
agreed that Mr Sinclair should be removed from the magistracy."

However the only press reports concerning this gentleman which could conceivably be pertinent inform that in January 2009 he [and his wife] were unanimously found not guilty of fraud. Without further knowledge more comment is impossible but the message is very clear that a J.P. must not only be whiter than white in his conduct but be seen to be such.

On June 24th Ms June Thomson was removed from her post because she had failed to declare fixed penalty speeding endorsements and penalties. Since the beginning of the year seven magistrates have been removed from the magistracy for failing to show commitment and/or failing to maintain contact with their bench. That usually indicates that the individual has not been able to maintain the minimum number of sittings required.

The OJC removed twenty five J.P.s in the year ended 31/03/2010. So far this year beginning 01/04/2010 twelve J.P.s have been removed. These numbers indicate that the removal rate has increased considerably. With increasing financial pressures on almost everyone it seems likely that many colleagues will seek to reduce their availability to sit in order to maximise their income. It is also unfortunately the case that more, especially those on low incomes, might be tempted to maximise their income but in doing so attempt to obtain benefits to which they are not entitled. With fervent declarations by magistrates and their spokesmen that they are representative of the population at large what could be more representative of that population than when up against financial collapse some turn out to be dishonest.

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There has been much discussion at all levels in many places on the future of Justices of the Peace within the magistrates` courts system. There have been comparisons of the work rates and cost effectiveness of J.P.s v District Judges [magistrates` courts]. Points of discussion have included the possibility of D.J.s sitting without clerks, J.P.s sitting as wingers in a D.J. controlled court, a rethink by police on out of court disposals and many other considerations including the current proposals to close 103 Magistrates` Courts. However detailed and high quality analysis has been absent from the discussions. The research by Rod Morgan (University of Bristol) and Neil Russell published in 2000 entitled "The judiciary in the magistrates'courts" is well worth a few minutes of anybody`s time who is interested in the subject.

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Catching up with the news after a week away my main source as it has been since I was a student is The Times. And one item was particularly shocking......the murder in Pakistan of a Birmingham taxi driver and his wife who had settled in England from their place of birth in a remote region of that troubled country. The fact that a disappointed prospective son in law had killed them when he was told that their daughter, his wife to be, had rejected the idea of an arranged marriage brought the daily happenings of an ignorant medieval society into our living rooms. But what compounded the outrage were the reported words of the unfortunate couple`s M.P. Khalid Mahmood in The Times of August 10th,

"I do not think this is a so called honour crime. It`s just blatant murder."

In The Sun he is quoted as saying,

""This is shocking news," he said. "If it is discovered that this couple were killed as a result of a feud over an arranged marriage then it's truly disgraceful. "This sort of thing should not be happening in this day and age. "The area in question is in the North Western province, where honour killings tend to happen quite regularly. These killings need to be clamped down on."

These words seem very mild in the circumstances. Would it have made any difference to Mr Mahmood if he had thought it was a so called honour crime? By referring to "so called honour crime" he seems to differentiate that kind of atrocity from murder. And in the quote from The Sun he implies that it would not have been truly disgraceful if they had been killed but not as a result of a feud over an arranged marriage.

Mr Mahmood is no stranger to controversy. Wikipedia has this to say about him. However he retained his seat of Birmingham Perry Barr which has 48% ethnic minority population with just over 50% of the vote an increase of 3% since 2005 so he must be pleasing most of his constituents most of the time. We often forget that our laws are brought into being by having been voted for by a majority of M.P.s. Until May Mr Mahmood was one of that majority.

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Operation Black Vote is a political organisation. I blogged on it on 22/01/2010. Its Home page styles itself "The Home of Black Politics". This grouping seeks to advance the cause of non white citizens of the U.K. This is an admirable task. OBV was founded in 1997 based loosely on the American drive to register black voters in the Deep South. It is not a charity. It is a campaigning organisation and one of its prime objectives is to increase the numbers of non white magistrates. That also seems on the surface to be uncontroversial although it is arguable that in today`s Britain white racism is such that some black people feel that they must pursue their ambitions as if we are still in the age of Kipling and a Viceroy of India.

What in my opinion is extremely controversial is that the Ministry of Justice gives active assistance to propagate the aims of this one horse assembly. It helps to organise seminars and actively encourages magistrates to assist by using court houses for such seminars.

No doubt there are many on the Left who approve such affiliation. But the phrase including the words "gander, goose, good" comes to mind. What might be considered good for Operation Black Vote might also apply to another organisation which is a political tool to further its perfectly legal laudable agenda. Would the Ministry of Justice be equally willing to be an active participant?

There is an unofficial quota system operating in many spheres of public life. Because it is always denied does not invalidate its existence. There is a fear of the appearance of being racist. If ever it were shown conclusively that the appointment of Justices of the Peace was in any form based on racial quotas those responsible must answer, as Harriet Harmon said when it suited her argument on another matter, "in the court of public opinion".

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It is well known that artists and photographers can create dramatic effects by the judicious use of contrast. Indeed using contrast in a literary context can heighten the writer`s intended effect of his words on a reader who might have been lulled into temporary stasis by tiredness or simple boredom.

But when news items throw into stark relief misinterpretation or an incredible demonstration of a retreat from reality on important topics one just wonders.

Many studies have demonstrated that between 5% and 20% of drivers are uninsured at any one time. That there is no confirmed figure is an indication of the uncertainty on the prevalence of this offence. Considering that every taxed vehicle must be insured and the results can be obtained on hand held computers by police it is surely only a short time until agreed proven figures for uninsured drivers will be published. Nevertheless it is surprising that during a recent police check on the A51 out of more than 3000 vehicles stopped in a four hour period only four were seized at the roadside for having no insurance. The conclusions are fairly limited.

A} Not every non insured driver had his vehicle seized
B} Some cases required further investigation
C} National statistics are wholly inaccurate
D} Drivers on that day at that time were not typical of various statistical databases
E} Police computers were faulty

I suppose some senior plod in Cheshire Police decided the exercise was an efficient use of limited resources.

Another interesting set of figures contrasts the rate of fraud in the first half of this year in the U.K. with that of the figures for mortgage fraud in Scotland alone. According to KPMG fraud has increased fourfold but in Scotland mortgage fraud is about 15% in £s of the level attained in a similar time frame a year ago. Again the conclusions to this non statistician are fairly limited.

A} The Scots rent much more than they buy homes
B} The Scots are much more clever than others at concealing fraud
C} The investigators in Scotland are less able than others in the U.K.
D} The Scots barristers are better able to defend their clients
E} The Scots are so drunk or addled with heroin they don`t get up early enough to commit fraud

Such are the vagaries of statistics: compare and contrast in not less than five hundred words.

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Most of us at one time or another will admit to having driven with the handbrake on. Depending on our driving experience the realisation would have come sooner for some than others. It would appear that with the current furore over "consultation" on the possible closure of 103 Magistrates` Courts a spokesman for Her Majesty's Court Service told the Exeter Express and Echo on the need for more people to volunteer for appointment as Justices of the Peace at the same time as the proposals published by the Ministry of Justice indicate that the Rt Hon K. Clarke wants to close the courts at Penzance, Camborne, Liskeard, Honiton, Totnes and Newton Abbot.

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Almost every local newspaper every week for the last few weeks has been carrying a story about the possible closure of a local Magistrates` Court. These intended closures have been variously described as a slap in the face for local justice, an interference in the rights of local people etc etc. Before parliament rose the questions from M.P.s to the Minister of Justice on the closures were coming thick and fast.

Sitting on a large bench in a metropolitan area "local" is less significant perhaps to my colleagues and me than it is to those in more rural areas. The subject is exercising contributors to the Magistrates` Association Forum. I would opine that the mantra "local justice for local people" will be as hackneyed in a few years as "bob a job week" is for the Scouting Movement. In most aspects of our lives there has been a determined push by government to centralise all that is recorded about us. The last government more than any in peacetime accelerated this trend. The concept of LJAs.....Local Justice Areas is an outmoded model being eroded in the name of "efficiency" or "excellence" or "standards" or the familiar term of derision known as "post code lottery". J.P.s now are not only being permitted to sit in any court in their county or cluster but being positively encouraged to do so. This in itself is not a bad idea considering there are still some courts where a "day chairman" selects the colleagues for each sitting; an abhorrent practice which reeks of twin sets and pearls and spare hats in the ladies` locker for those who forgot theirs. Another welcome change from "local justice" is appraisal by colleagues from other courts so the "you scratch my back and I`ll scratch yours" policy ceases to allow incompetent colleagues, especially chairmen past their sell by date, to continue to cause embarrassment to their wingers and court users in general.

Fewer courts will result in longer travelling distances and times plus increased expense for those using the courts especially defendants and witnesses who rely on public transport. This is not an insuperable problem but it is a problem to be considered nevertheless.

However the whole subject of cost saving by the Ministry of Justice is being applied with little logic or forethought; statistics with no meaning are being bandied about by those with no understanding not excluding those at the very heart of the policy. The Treasury termites are eating away at the foundations of our justice system; it is only a matter of time before this becomes apparent as parts of the superstructure start to crack in public view.

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There was a rare admission recently from the Chief of the Met police that occasionally his officers get things wrong. Unfortunately it wasn`t that he realised that occasionally his constables murder people "in the line of duty" but even so it was on a subject about which I`ve previously blogged; namely interference by police with the right of the ordinary citizen to photograph more or less what s/he wants under the pretext that the Anti Terrorism Act gives police the authority to prevent such photography and/or to order the deletion of any images with the threat of arrest for refusal to obey or give name and address. This is one small step for police but a huge step for policy.

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We are all familiar with the toddler hiding behind a sofa but whose feet are sticking out in public view and who wonders how the adults knew she was there; she has no conception at that age of other peoples` viewpoints and she concludes if she can`t see somebody then somebody can`t see her. I think there is a similarity in perception when one has been away on holiday......logically the world continues to spin and events happen but because we have been far away in mind and/or in body we are still with the thought processes of that toddler and can be surprised that things happen without our being on the spot.

And so it has been for the last week. The Ministry of Justice is consulting on plans to raise the upper age limit for jury service, currently 70, or abolish it altogether. I have blogged previously on the jury system and observed what are in my opinion inadequacies in allowing virtually anybody but prisoners, lords and lunatics to serve. A classic example was reported two weeks ago that at Birmingham Crown Court a juror was doing puzzles instead of concentrating on the fraud case before her. At Worcester Crown Court she was fined £1,200. But returning to the possibility of 70+ jurors surprise surprise; the judges don`t relish the idea. In fact they are positively opposed. Since they generally retire at 70 they are hopping up and down that ordinary people might still be compos mentis when their honours are doing their gardens. In all their eloquent response they fail to consider that they are and were getting paid to judge but jurors over seventy will generally be retired and performing their task as a civic duty. I think the judiciary should initiate a debate upon the universal eligibility of jurors; after all they are on that topic, if no other, better informed than most.

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